Improvement in telegraph apparatus



G. LITTLE. Telegraph Apparatus.

No, 142,486, Patented September 2, 1873.

UNITE STATES PATENT OFFIoE.

GEORGE LITTLE, OF RUTHERFORD PARK, NEW JERSEY.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 142,486, datedSeptember 2, 1873; application filed October 3, 1872.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE LITTLE, of Rutherford Park, in the county ofBergen and State of New Jersey, have invented an Improvement inTelegraphic Apparatus, of which the following is a specification:

The electro-magnet employed in telegraphic apparatus acts to attract thearmature; but to withdraw the same from the core of the eleetro-magnet aretractile spring has been most generally employed. Sometimes, however,an electro-magnet or a permanent magnet has been employed to retract thearmature, as seen in my patents Nos. 130,812, 120,290, and 115,967.

The first part of my present invention relates to a peculiarconstruction of permanent retractile magnet, by means of which the forceexerted upon the armature can be adjusted. The second part of myinvention relates to a means for preventing the pulsations ofelectricity in a main line becoming attenuated or indistinct, whenpassing through the helix of an electro-magnet, in consequence of theextra current, energized by induced magnetism, following upon themainline current, and, in rapid automatic telegraphy, rendering themarks on the chemical paper either indistinct or running into eachother.

These devices are set forth in my English patent No. 1,207, of April 22,1872. i

In the drawing, Figure 1 is a plan, and Fig. 2 an elevation, of myimproved apparatus.

The electro-magnet is of any usual charac ter; and through the helix athe pulsations in the electric circuit pass from the bindingscrews 1) 0and connections. The core d and the pole c are connected together; andthis pole 0 receives the fulcrum f of the armature g. his the permanentmagnet, suitably supported to act upon the armature in the oppositedirection to the electro-magnet a. It is preferable to employ two piecesof tinned sheet-iron upon the poles of the permanent magnet h to preventthe armature adhering to the same, and to enable me to obtain a moredelicate adjustment. The keeper 7c is made of soft iron, and connectedto the support 1 so as to be adjusted; and the keeper is preferably madein two parts, one on each side of the poles of the magnet It, andsoldered to the I brass, copper, or nonmagnetic segment m, so that theyform disks and the support [is an axis passing through a block betweenthe poles of the magnet, so as to be easily turned to move the keepersit across, and more or less into contact with, both poles of the magneth, and thus regulate the effective force of the same upon the armature,for when the keeper is in contact with only one pole of the magnet itspower will be greatest. A disk of felt or other yielding material servesto press the keepers into contact with the sides of the permanentmagnet. This keeper may be applied to the cores of an electro-magnet forthe same purpose, the electro'magnet being connected constantly to abattery.

The aforesaid device allows for adjusting the power of the permanent orretractile magnet, so as to vary the same according to the strength ofthe electro-magnet, and allow for rapidity of action.

To adjust the electro-magnet a I employ the rod 1", sliding through thecore (1, and coming into contact with the pole c; and it is preferableto employ a screw, 1", at the end of this rod 1' to enter a hole in thepole c, and there by insure more or less intimate contact, and a greateror less rapidity in the discharge or equalization of the magnetism ofthe core, and the consequent power thereof, in acting upon the armature.This rod 1" may be employed with any electro-magnet.

The armature may be of any kind, and mounted in whatever manner willeffect the desired object. If the armature is to be a sounder, it may bepartially or entirely hollow and split, or of sheet metal, as in mypatent No. 128,894; and the armature may actuate a pen, stylus,circuit-closer, or any other desired device.

When there are several electro-magnets in the main line, in automatictelegraphing, the extra current developed on breaking the circuitprolongs the effect of the main-line current, and, following eachmain-line pulsation with a false or attenuated pulsation, the message atthe receiving-station upon the chemical paper is blurred and indistinctduring rapid transmission. 1 rectify this difficulty by connectin to themainline wires '6 i", one on each side of the clectro-magnet, and passthe same to a coil, 8, of very fine wire, preferably wound back upon thefirst coil in the opposite direction; or, preferably, to a condenser ofthin metallic sheets and intervening non-conducting material, as shownby dotted lines, Fig. 1.

The main-line pulsations do not pass through the coil or condenserdirect; but the coil or condenser absorbs the extra current, or tends toproduce a reverse current upon the main line as the main-line pulsationceases, as indicated by the arrows, thus neutralizing the direct actionof the extra current.

The core (Z may be split by a longitudinal groove; or it may be made oflengths of insulated or covered rods of iron.

A rheostat may be employed, with connections to the main line atopposite sides of the magnet, to cause a division of the current, partpassing through the electromagnet, part through the rheostat, and partentering the coil or condenser; and this rheostat may be adjustable, orof the required resistance. This connection of a condenser in the mainline causes the electro-magnet to discharge more rapidly, even when onlyone such electromagnet is employed in the main line.

I claim as my invention 1. The adjustable keeper 7;, made of soft iron,and mounted upon the support or axis 1 between the poles of the magneth, in combination with the armature and electro-magnet, substantially asand for the purposes set forth.

2. A condenser or helix connected to the main line upon both sides ofthe electro-inagpet, substantially as and for the purposes set orth.

Signed by me this first day of October, A.

GEORGE LITTLE. Witnesses:

Gno. T. PINOKNEY, CHAS. H. Sm'rn.

